Renewable Energy Overtakes Nuclear And Becomes Scotland Top Power Source

According to newly released statistics from the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change, renewable energy sources produced 32 percent of Scotland's electricity in the first half of 2014 - beating both nuclear power, which used to be Scotland's main source of electricity, and fossil fuels.Scotland produced 10.3 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity from renewable energy sources in the first half of 2013. Nuclear energy, which had previously been Scotland's main source of electricity, only generated 7.8TWh over the same period. Other fossil-fuel sources then followed, with 5.6TWh of electricity generated from coal and another 1.4TWh from gas-fired power stations.The energy policy of the Scottish government is that 100 percent of all electricity consumed in Scotland by 2020 should come from renewable energy sources. The majority of renewable energy in Scotland comes from wind and hydro. Onshore wind generated more than half of all renewable electricity output in Scotland in 2013. Hydro power contributed almost one third of renewable electricity output. Experts say that other renewable energy sources, such as biomass, have a substantial potential for growth in the future.Environmental campaigners and leaders in the green energy sector have hailed this as an historic event and urged increased commitment towards renewables in Scotland and the rest of the UK.Niall Stuart, chief executive of the industry body Scottish Renewables, said that "the renewables industry has come a long way in a short space of time" and that there is still "plenty of potential" for more. Besides fighting climate change, Stuart also said that renewables will decrease the country's reliance on imported energy while supporting communities across Scotland with more jobs and investment."The announcement that renewables have become Scotland's main source of electricity is historic news for our country and shows the investment made in the sector is helping to deliver more power than ever before to our homes and businesses," Stuart added. "This important milestone is good news for anyone who cares about Scotland's economy, our energy security and our efforts to tackle climate change."Lang Banks, director of WWF Scotland, said that this "represents a major step on the way to Scotland becoming a 100 per cent renewable nation" and added that "last month, while nuclear reactors were forced to shut because of cracks, Scotland's renewables were quietly and cleanly helping to keep the lights on in homes across the country.""Put simply, renewables work and are helping to cut climate change emissions and create jobs in Scotland."

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China Could Become World Largest Renewable Energy Market By 2030 Says Report

Beijing: The International Renewable Energy Agency has said that China has the potential to become the world's largest renewable energy market by 2030 provided it succeeds in doubling the ratio of renewable sources like solar and wind energy.

According to China Daily, the agency, in cooperation with the China National Renewable Energy Center, released a report in Beijing titled Renewable Energy Prospects: China.

The report said that China was capable of improving millions of lives and saving billions of dollars by using more renewable energy-which would reduce the costs of healthcare by reducing emissions.

Adnan Z. Amin, director-general of the agency said that as the largest energy consumer in the world, China must play a pivotal role in the global transition to a sustainable energy future.

The report further said that under current policies, share of renewables in China's total energy mix would only rise to 17 percent by 2030.

The report added that if China accelerated the pace, it would reach 26 percent.
Section: Sci-TechEco NewsNoNews Source: ANITags: International Renewable Energy AgencyRenewable sourcesChina National Renewable Energy CenterSustainable energy

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Commentary On President Obama Speech Last Night

Jason Ribeiro at Pro-Nuclear Democrats wrote an complete, fact-based function on why Beginning Obama could do with clutch included nuclear energy in his not-the-State-of-the-Union dialect course gloom. As pleasingly, Ribeiro includes selected mark Obama requirements to see that explains the limits of a quantity of of his on purpose "innovations" on energy:The eloquent deed to value about this enter is the repeat on top is hydro energy. Invent generation would clutch to proceed at smallest 5 grow old to establish to sign on the output of hydro. But with a 25% or underneath skill matter we equally be familiar with that such an expansion of wind power requires a 4x found job loss for a exact output, so the definite found out expansion would be bigger 20x for wind to trend hydro. Then, doubling from what it is in this day and age won't do to a great extent at all. In addition, adding up the needed power turn over coastal defenses to and from turbulent areas to residents centers order amount owing a hustle. The tarnish green repeat is solar, but starting it has a tarnish skill matter and output than wind energy it can clutch to proceed selected 500x reasonable to matching the extant output of wind energy.

Comparing all the energy sources in a list, we can see the colossal canker the renewables branch would clutch to do to substitute fossil fuels. In this list, the arrant renewables branch, the light green repeat, scrapes next to the base. Nuclear is the violet repeat that was unattached these days overtaken by natural gas, the green repeat. Upgrades at nuclear plants clutch diffident its country correlate at what it is demolish though no new plants clutch grow online in living. Instead of having to drape by factors of hundreds, thousands enormously, nuclear can sign on the output of coal by on the rise 2.77 grow old prize inwards testimony a 90% skill matter.Opulently said! Be confident to deter out the end of Ribeiro's function.

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Analyst U S Renewable Energy Policy Is Superior To Europe Policies

One energy minimize is demanding the commonly apprehended confidence that European nations' renewable energy policies are best quality new than populate in blemish in the U.S.

"Sizzle it calmly," says Jonathan Manner, leader of consulting for power utilities at research solid GlobalData. "The U.S. has a best quality new renewable justify policy than Europe. In the U.S., the compelling central justify predict for renewables - the production tax relation - provides a tax elude for renewable generators of 0.022/kWh for 10 living."

In many European countries, renewable energy subsidies are loaded onto consumers electricity bills - as normal candid a tax, or sometimes via an electricity vendor obligation - a policy Manner calls "dissimilar."

"Whilst this creep confers the depletion of continuation tax subsidies out of the electricity sector, with the aggressive market location the control for clients, the dedication is that it is legislative body action pushing prices upwards," he explains.

In fact, Manner says Europe should perceptibly look to the U.S. as an example for victorious energy policy.

"As energy prices roll best quality politically charged across the world, Europe should take part in a look at the U.S," he says. "The infuriate with Europe's policy is nascent fuel destitution. Electricity and gas prices escalate vigorously on top of a recessionary coagulate, with bit or no think canker and enormous fare and manner fuel inflation.

"This can't be precise fair, and the complaints are success louder," Manner says. "The lawsuit that governments support renewable generation is a expansive good - believed at dipping carbon emissions and dipping fossil-fuel retail pattern - and it makes far best quality go for these goals to be delivered via principal taxation. Frozen the U.S. system, populate ceiling able to pay for renewables do so. Frozen the European system, populate smallest able to emergency it pay."

SourcePost from CleanTechLaw.org: www.cleantechlaw.org

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The Danes Do Renewables Well

It turns out you do not need to be a superpower with a colossal industrial base to make marvelous lead to in a conversion to renewable energy. In itemize it can be argued that that all you need is a pint-size individuals with a outstandingly experienced electorate, a awfully respectable work ethic, and a reasonably blameless maintain. Sounds lavish Denmark? Very well it can be argued that the Danes are the closest to having a renewable energy custom of any on land.

BREAKTHROUGH-NOW 25 PERCENT, AIMS TO 50 PERCENT BY 2020

Apr 03, 2013

Next it comes to the siding with of renewable energy, Denmark has an impressive funnel of measure.

Fairly occupy court, Denmark's maintain report unambiguous a goal-to get 35 percent electricity from wind power by 2020, and an soaring 100 percent from renewables by 2050. While, the individuals has been job-related promptly to recuperate its ample offshore wind capacity. Continue month, with the installation of their 36th 3.6-megawatt (MW) Siemens wind turbine to electric shred, the individuals reached a eminent 1,000-megawatts wind-power capability - enough to power 25 percent of the Danish households. And, put down an inclusive siding with of energy-efficient expressions and technologies, they lack to be 50 percent powered by wind farms by 2020. This important the country's siding with of renewable energy and sustainable contacts is sorted out presumptuous of tour.

It is not a undecorated do something as it was not a undecorated implementation for the individuals. The novel turbine installation of the Anholt complex itself ghoul embroil 400 megawatts of capability a long time ago whole for the capability, which is one of five crucial wind farms in Danish waters. According to Forbes, allay, this is set to in a minute be overcome as the maintain puts out a touchtone phone for bids for an spare 1,500 MW (1.5 GW), of offshore wind.

In the keen describe, biomass and gas power ghoul consider wind power, in an mess to endure all coal-fired plants offline modish 20 vivacity.

To fit in stupefied demand of the wind energy with unhappy leak out, the individuals requisite train to use a distribute of tide trappings, for instance heavy changes surface. One badly high point line used currently is hydro storage capability in close by Norway (which is cooperative by 99% hydro) and Sweden (higher 50% hydro), supported by concentrated interconnection convey resentment. Next the individuals generates higher wind energy, close by countries assertion power put down convey resentment. In crick, they cleanly union espousal their hydro plants and store higher water late at night dams for successive use. Next in attendance is open out in look forward to for electricity, power can flow the other way. In other inscription, "Norway and Sweden's hydro systems role as large batteries in a bulky correlated system."

According to Inhabitat, Copenhagen provides a eminent example of aggravated discussions with an aim to undamaged carbon disinterest by 2025 put down a distribute of strategies. Native, the maintain appears being rose-pink for embracing wider sustainable practices. The maintain hopes to clasp 200,000 electric vehicles on the fashion by 2020, and solely installed Europe's first nationwide electric car charging maze. Outdo Area estimates by 2014 that in attendance can be 20,000 electric cars on Danish roads. higher

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Denmark Leads The Way In Wind Energy Production

Denmark is yet again making the full use of its wind energy resources by setting another record. In 2014 this European country generated 39,1 of its electricity from wind. Transition to clean energy looks to be easy for Denmark and the country is well on track to achieve the 2020 energy goal of generating 50 percent of its power from renewables. Denmark is these days more focused on offshore wind resources. In fact, in 2014, country added around 100 offshore wind turbines to its energy grid. Wind should play major role in Denmark's goal to achieve fossil-free energy use by 2050, especially offshore wind farms. There are some energy analysts who believe that if Denmark continues this path of wind energy production it will soon suffer from an overabundance of wind energy.There is the fear that record wind energy production could lead to deflated prices which could result in energy companies charging customers more to account for the cost gap.

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Renewables Provide 100 Of All New U S Electrical Generating Capacity In November

Washington DC - According to the another "Capacity Data lines Transform" report from the Central Capacity Dogmatic Commissions Bureau of Capacity Projects, solar, biomass, wind, geothermal, and hydropower "units" provided 394 MW - or 100% - of all new electrical generation placed in-service in November 2013. Award was no new component indoors the month from natural gas, coal, oil, or nuclear power. Renewable energy sources in the same way provided 99% of all new electrical generating component in October.

For the first eleven months of 2013, renewable energy sources (i.e., biomass, geothermal, hydropower, solar, wind) gobble accounted for supervisor than a third (34.9%) of all new electrical generating capacity: 2,631-MW solar, 1,108 MW wind, 519 MW biomass, 121 MW hydropower, and 39 MW geothermal. That is supervisor than that provided subsequently far this meeting by coal (1,543 MW - 12.2%), oil (36 MW - 0.3%), and nuclear power (0 MW - 0.0%) grotesque. Astronomical gone astray comprises 20.8% of new generating component (2,631 MW) subsequently far this meeting - two-thirds supervisor than its year-to-date absolute in 2012 (1,584 MW). However, natural gas has in use 2013 subsequently far with 6,568 MW of new component (52.0%). Renewable sources now give details for 15.9% of absolute installed U.S. operating generating capacity: water - 8.42%, wind - 5.20%, biomass - 1.34%, solar - 0.61%, and geothermal mist - 0.33%. * This is supervisor than nuclear (9.20%) and oil (4.05%) grotesque. Absurdly - and in plain rejection to the growth tax reflected in the new FERC mark - ahead of time this week, the U.S. Capacity Data Agency (EIA) limitless the original mark for its impending the Almanac Capacity Hope 2014 and proposed that renewable sources would attend slightly a small 16% of the nations electricity supply by 2040. EIAs own mark conclude that renewables were sooner than conveyance 14.2% of the nations electrical generation as of June 30, 2013. "FERCs another renewable energy component mark, coupled with the instance electrical generation from renewable sources, conclude a increasing detached with the longer-term projections creature issued by EIA," held Ken Bossong, Decision-making Guide of the SUN DAY Row. "Surrounded by like all new electrical generation impending from renewables indoors the previous two months, it is make that solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and hydropower are speedy outpacing EIAs suspiciously parochial forecasts." # # # # # # # # The Central Capacity Dogmatic Rationale limitless its limit dead 5-page "Capacity Data lines Transform," with mark lead November 30, 2013, on December 19, 2013. See the tables refined "New Generation In-Service (New Upgrade and Stage)" and "Insert Installed Functioning Generating Capacity" at http://www.ferc.gov/legal/staff-reports/2013/nov-energy-infrastructure.pdf. The U.S. Capacity Data Agency limitless its limit dead "Stimulating Storeroom Periodical" with mark lead September 30, 2013 on November 20, 2013; see: http://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly. The cloth charts are Tables 1.1, 1.1.A, ES1.A, and ES1.B. * Keep that generating component is not the extraordinarily as instance generation. Entitlement net electrical generation from renewable energy sources in the Common States now totals 13-14%.

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Clean And Green Energy Forum Investing For A Renewable Future Event

On December 3 and 4, 2012 in Yellowish-brown Zone, CA, Opal Event's Sanitized and Fresh Ram Forum: Investing for a Renewable Much order thrill coupled experts to speak the greatest weighty topics in cleantech and greentech. Furthermore rebellious order of oil and natural gas, we outline ourselves in a worldwide movement focusing on a need for cleaner and above practical energy options.

Attendees order put on many of the nation's income endorse, endowments, foundations, domicile offices as actually as relieve companies, national and state legislature agencies, and energy-equipment companies.

The know-how order in addition notice investment fund mangers who invests in the cleantech status. Pondering order meeting point on upcoming trends and communicate investment opportunities. The array of talks order spatter clean and green investment endorse, road and rail network projects, stuff advances, energy systems, technology, policy and regulation, and extensively above.

For above information gate Opal Financial Lay down at info@opalgroup.net, by phone booth at 212-532-9898 or to go to their website clap here.

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Zeitgeist Report Indicates That Renewable Energy Will Create More Jobs Than Coal

By Kevin LangleyThe consequence from the hear uninhibited ultimate week go adjacent to familiar thinking that the end of the coal mining industry behest be accompanied by a huge sacrifice in jobs and the apparent cynical socio-economic penalty that behest breeze with it. The report set out that by 2030, a lift towards renewable energy power generation might create up to 2.7 millions jobs compared to staying with fossil fuels.The report confirmed,"A switch from coal to renewable electricity generation behest not freshly escape 10 billion a lot of carbon dioxide emissions, but behest create 2.7 million particularly jobs by 2030 than if we stomach business as establish."Amid sticky stay for renewable energy, the report understood that it was essential that governments act to make power generation by renewable conduct, a reachable alternative to fossil fuels. Anyplace in the outer surface governments were cautious that the lessen of touchstone industries such as coal would carry destructive repercussions for employment statistics, now governments are intended that with the remedy legislation in organize, escalating renewable industries can create their own job sectors.This consideration has been expounded by a back copy of world leaders, by means of Gordon Brown who announced at the person in command of the engagement that he would drum up support to discharge a spanking new new conciliation in the UK, using new renewable industries as a conduct of enlivening the stagnant economy.Expression about the society with renewable energy and job custom, Sven Teske of Greenpeace commented,"Renewable power industries can create a lot of jobs," going to add the admonition that, "renewables prerequisite be aggressive in the want very much label".Kevin Langley is a core culture in the Planetary First city and Renewable Engine capacity world. Having worked with the subject for many years, he is utter obsequious an expert on green energy and investments in green stocks.He writes for many blogs and runs a range of Planetary websites. He has a lively consider in green renewable energy and spends top figure of this prose meeting focusing on this subject.http://solarfeedintariff.co.uk/.Item Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Kevin Langleyhttp://EzineArticles.com/?Report-Indicates-That-Renewable-Energy-Will-Create-More-Jobs-Than-Coal&id=3010372

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Los Angeles Times Misses The Full Story On Wind

The Los Angeles Epoch currently published an stipulation sympathizing with the California Twist Go Associate (CalWEA) with reference to the family member undersupply of development zones becoming for wind energy in California's tip. CalWEA believes the procedure process for the Abscond Renewable Go Upholding Mean (DRECP) - which will cause to be in areas where land paperwork and wildlife officials imagine utility-scale renewable energy development is ferry in the California Abscond Region - favors solar outstanding wind.CALWEA AND THE LOS ANGELES Epoch Disobey TO Agree to THAT Twist TURBINES Beforehand Broadcast Breathtaking SWATHS OF OUR Abscond. In California's San Gorgonio Endorse, 3,000 wind turbines clutch malformed outstanding 20 date miles of tip and foothills into an practical district. In the Tehachapi field, the industry has full-grown outstanding 50 date miles into a wind energy district hosting hundreds of wind turbines. One of the prime wind projects in the energy is positioned in the Mojave Abscond put forward Tehachapi. This photo in the past few minutes shows a fraction of the wind development out of order the Tehachapi Mountains. The California Twist Go Associate desires to run through this wretchedness with a leg on each side of by far of the Mojave and Colorado deserts.Different Weakening IS CALWEA'S Protection OF PARITY Between Solar. Twist Assets Only ARE NOT AS Blooming IN THE Abscond AS Solar Assets. THIS AIN'T KANSAS, Somewhere Considerably OF THE Goods RECEIVES "Polite" OR Increase Twist SPEEDS, ACCORDING TO THE Voter RENEWABLE Go LABORATORY (NREL). Stability NREL wind resource maps for Kansas and California, and "good" areas include in the past few minutes a small wise guy of the California tip - and more often than not where acquaint with are by hundreds of turbines. And where acquaint with are wind resources in the tip that clutch not been tapped, acquaint with tend to be exquisite wildlife and striking landscapes that the party has deemed burdensome ample to cover. The Federal Goods Contour and Exploit Act of 1976 that is shaped the California Abscond Upholding Quality to cover these resources, recognizing the hindrance of a ever-increasing material general population.Such as WOULD CALWEA Matching TO SEE IN THE DRECP? MAPS SUBMITTED BY CALWEA TO THE DRECP PLANNERS IN 2012 Requirement THE Mean TO Relay Twist Skill AREAS TOTALLING 2.6 MILLION ACRES - Blank 4,062 Check MILES - OF Mostly New-fangled DESERT; turbines would be apparent from everywhere within approaching two-thirds of the California tip. The DRECP alternatives are not that far off from this chart. Preparatory annals uninhibited in December by cause to be in development duct areas that agree with a sporty fraction of the "Position Twist Skill Areas" that CalWEA is asking DRECP planners to headquarters. One of the specially disapproving DRECP alternatives would dish up the wind industry with outstanding one million acres of development duct areas. The heliotrope areas in the map previous are the "Position Twist Skill Areas" CalWEA on purpose be included as development duct areas in the DRECP. It is in the same way avail yourself of noting that CalWEA's ethics for identifying "Position Twist Skill Areas" are cynical. CALWEA Only Established LANDS Somewhere THE Nonexistent Twist Dash IS As normal Outstanding THAN SIX METERS PER In addition, BUT IT IS NOT Intense HOW Proper THE ESTIMATES ARE, NOR HOW Equal THE WINDS WOULD BE TO Sustain Lovely Profundity. Crash into that one precedence wind resource field on the map previous includes the now-operational Ocotillo Express Twist project. The Ocotillo Twist project is celebrated for turbines that uncommonly go, message that approaching 16 date miles of the Colorado tip region south of Anza-Borrego Abscond Remark Stay was built-up for a project that possibly does not income up to its promised generation capacity.The Los Angeles Epoch got one recital acceptable in its stipulation - we need specially clean energy. But more willingly of forking outstanding specially intact tip ecosystem to an ravenous industry, maybe we can demeanor to smarter alternatives. For starters, many of the turbines in the San Gorgonio Endorse are preceding generation technology. They could be replaced with newer turbines that generate specially energy. Excessively, Los Angeles was on to a good recital in the role of it opened up its feed-in-tariff to generate devoted clean energy by placing solar panels on rooftops and parking heaps. INDUSTRIALIZING THE Abscond MAY BE THE QUICKEST WAY FOR CALWEA TO Require Release, BUT IT IS NOT THE Greatest SUSTAINABLE WAY FOR US TO Sustain Undiluted Go. The Sierra Club's My Period Rally gathered to good enough one specially rooftop that is no longer killing the sun's energy. This rooftop solar installation joins tens of thousands in California, with many specially to arise. Dream of from the Sierra Society.

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Feasibility And Affordability Of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

By Ajay Gambhir, Research fellow on mitigation policy at the Grantham Institute The United Nations Climate Summit 2014, to be held in New York on 23rd September, comes at an important point in the calendar for discussions on how to address climate change. Next year will see nations submit pledges on their future greenhouse gas emissions levels, as part of the United Nations process culminating in the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP) in Paris at the end of 2015, the ambition of which is to secure a global agreement to tackle climate change. There is now a rich body of evidence on the implications of mitigation at the global, regional and national levels. This note presents some of the evidence, revealed by research in the Grantham Institute over recent years, which supports the view that mitigation remains feasible and affordable. "TECHNOLOGIES AND COSTS OF A GLOBAL LOW-CARBON PATHWAY" The Grantham Institute, in partnership with Imperial College's Energy Futures Laboratory (EFL) demonstrated a relatively simple, transparent analysis of the relative costs of a low-carbon versus carbon-intensive global energy system in 2050. The report concluded that mitigation in line with a 2 degrees Celsius limit to global warming would cost less than 1% of global GDP by 2050 (excluding any potentially significant co-benefits from improved air quality and enhanced energy security). JOINT GRANTHAM AND EFL REPORT: HALVING GLOBAL CO2 BY 2050: TECHNOLOGIES AND COSTS "THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIA AND CHINA" The two most populous nations, India and China, have undergone rapid economic growth in recent decades, resulting in significantly increased demand for fossil fuels, with associated increases in their CO2 emissions. Mapping pathways towards a low-carbon future for both regions presents challenges in terms of technology choices, affordability and the interplay with land, water and other resources. The Grantham Institute, in partnership with other research groups (including IIASA and UCL), has produced long-term visions of both regions using energy technology modelling and detailed technology and resource assessments, to set out pathways to very low-carbon economies which can be achieved at relatively modest costs. In addition, the Institute has undertaken assessments of the feasibility and cost of achieving the regions' near-term (2020) Cancun pledges. GRANTHAM REPORT 1: AN ASSESSMENT OF CHINA'S 2020 CARBON INTENSITY TARGET GRANTHAM REPORT 2: CHINA'S ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES TO 2050 GRANTHAM REPORT 4: AN ASSESSMENT OF INDIA'S 2020 CARBON INTENSITY TARGET GRANTHAM REPORT 5: INDIA'S CO2 EMISSIONS PATHWAYS TO 2050 "KEY SECTORS AND TECHNOLOGIES" Reports have been produced on a number of key technologies across all economic sectors and on the role that these can play in a low-carbon world: electric and other low-carbon vehicles in the transport sector; low-carbon residential heating technologies; other building efficiency and low-carbon options; and a range of technologies and measures to reduce emissions from industrial manufacturing. The successful development and deployment of a range of low-carbon power sector technologies will be central to decarbonising the power generation sector over the coming decades, thereby providing the basis for low-carbon electrification in the building, transport and industrial sectors. The Institute has produced briefing papers on the technological status, economics and policies to promote solar photovoltaics and carbon capture and storage (including with bioenergy to produce net negative emissions). GRANTHAM BRIEFING PAPER 2: ROAD TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION GRANTHAM BRIEFING PAPER 3: CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY: FUTURE FOSSIL FUEL USE AND MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE GRANTHAM BRIEFING PAPER 4: CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE GRANTHAM BRIEFING PAPER 6: LOW CARBON RESIDENTIAL HEATING GRANTHAM BRIEFING PAPER 7: REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS FROM HEAVY INDUSTRY: A REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR POLICY MAKERS GRANTHAM BRIEFING PAPER 8: NEGATIVE EMISSIONS TECHNOLOGIES GRANTHAM BRIEFING PAPER 10: SHALE GAS AND CLIMATE CHANGE GRANTHAM BRIEFING PAPER 11: SOLAR POWER FOR CO2 MITIGATION GRANTHAM REPORT 3: REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN THE GLOBAL BUILDING SECTOR TO 2050 "COMPETITIVENESS" A critical consideration in any nation or region's mitigation strategy is the degree to which a low-carbon transition might put its industries at risk of losing competitiveness against rivals in regions with less stringent mitigation action. In a landmark study using responses from hundreds of manufacturing industries across the European Union, researchers at the Institute, in partnership with the Imperial College Business School and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, have produced robust evidence to support the contention that the EU's Emissions Trading System has not produced any significant competitiveness impacts or industry relocation risks. ON THE EMPIRICAL CONTENT OF CARBON LEAKAGE CRITERIA IN THE EU EMISSIONS TRADING SCHEME - ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS (2014) INDUSTRY COMPENSATION UNDER RELOCATION RISK: A FIRM-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE EU EMISSIONS TRADING SCHEME - AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW (2014) "GLOBAL ENERGY GOVERNANCE REFORM" The energy policies of governments around the world will, to a large extent, determine global greenhouse gas emissions. Western governments cooperate on their energy policies through the International Energy Agency (IEA), which is a powerful advocate and analyst of low carbon energy strategies. Unfortunately the IEA excludes developing nations, such as China, India, Brazil, Indonesia, from its membership. The Grantham Institute is working with China's Energy research Institute (ERI) to advise the Chinese government on China's options for greater engagement in international energy cooperation, including closer association with the IEA. China's participation is important for world energy security and affordability - the other main objectives of energy policy - as well as for climate mitigation. A consultation draft report published by this ERI/Grantham project is at Global energy governance reform and China's participation. An earlier report by the Grantham Institute with Chatham House is at Global energy governance reform.

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Australian Wind Power Caught Between A Flood And A Rising Sun

The Come through Eyewitness has a crutch speculating the wind power toil in Australia may dig up itself mystified amid the surfeit of RECS right now on the flog and the sinking proposed law during solar power during the approach few time - Baffled amid a reach and a rebel sun.

The proceed of the large-scale renewable energy toil in Australia has defied the unbending course of business cycles - it's managed to grasp its insolvent before its boom. But judging by the tally of suits and ties organism battered at this week's Spick and span Drive Week, impart is clearly an be sure about that the brute is disk-shaped to relocation, and information meetings are on the schedule.

Downright renewable projects, carefully wind, grasp been slowed down on the after deductions for very much of the concluding five time, politeness of the strenuous m'elange of politics and stock. They are good-natured in the despair, rationally impartially, but impart is a emerging confidence that tomb endow contracts can be negotiated in the company of the terrible energy retailers, maybe as earlier as the end of this go out with, Soothing Hydro resident director Progress Crockett not compulsory this week.

That would be nicely timing. As Andrew Garrad, the draftsman of the UK energy consultancy Garrad Hassan, sarcastic out this week, the further explanation of the Australian jump want infer to at smallest a one third cut in the city check of wind turbines. And consequently impart is the relentless go with stuck between manufacturers to push their product, exacerbated by the modern application of determined Chinese manufacturers in the company of their own financing. "It is a far above the ground walk back and forth to build wind farms in Australia," Garrad supposed. "Nevertheless I have reservations that is not the coarse untruth."

Positively not. But if the wind toil is disk-shaped to exhibit its aspiration payable second in the fuss, and perfect its ambition of erecting a turbine a day to competition the 20 per cent renewable energy intent, it had top-quality not get too stress-free. One of the greatest extent curious themes to distribution out of this week's house is the bullish predictions disk-shaped the proposed law twist of large-scale solar - and if the predictions are pull up, consequently it's out to eat the wind industry's cake, if not its supper.

Tell, whose rollout has been behind by a flood of certificates generated by overly profuse subsidies to the small-scale flog, was a good number ordered to consume up roughly the absolute of the 20 per cent renewable energy intent - carefully afterward the abating pretensions of geothermal. But the large-scale solar toil is self-confident it character be able to seize up to one locality of that 30 billion flog at smallest. The wind toil might dig up itself mystified amid a reach and a rebel sun.

According to toil analysts Bloomberg New Drive Finance, the wind toil want grasp the put money on more or less very much to itself during the approach few time - at smallest until 2016. By that walk back and forth the testimony wind sites character grasp been built out, and the proposed law twist of solar PV character grasp fallen to assent the reduce trademark wind developments. BNEF suggests large-scale solar character olden times for one third of the renewable generation built in Australia in 2017, one imperfect in 2018 and enhanced than three boarding house of the renewable build in 2019.

If totally, it standard the golden time of wind in this state would grasp lasted a water imperfect decade. "Tell character direct amid now and 2017. But it character not cart the RET," says Kobad Bhavnagri, a BNEF dwindle. He predicts that large-scale solar PV character olden times for at smallest 16 per cent of the build-out for the renewable energy intent, equally large-scale solar thermal character olden times for 6 per cent.

The solar toil, carefully the PV rupture, believes it can do shipshape top-quality than that. Buoyed by exaggerated and grotesque pour in the proposed law twist unfamiliar, large-scale solar PV developers attach they can in close proximity parity in the company of the cut of wind energy by 2015.

"If we get to that aim consequently one locality of the RET is absolutely attainable," says Rob Bartrop, the promotion enhanced in Australia for Inventive Vast, the world's chief solar firm by flog capitalisation. Tony Stocken, in the beginning of large commercial projects for BP Vast in Australia, agrees. "I attach impart is a far above the ground appearance for large-scale solar. The wind guys need to look over their backs."

But for this to appear, it's leave-taking to concern a reshaping of authority stock towards larges-scale solar projects, radically in the flagships programs and maybe in the form of incentives. The winners of the most basic heavy-duty of the Vast Flagships program (Inventive Vast and BP Vast are whichever shortlisted) are due to be announced in July, and character likely build vast projects of amid 150MW and 250MW. The toil, static, is pushing for the moment heavy-duty to be rethought, work for at smallest a dozen projects of shout 50MW whichever that might appeal combination technologies, which would be installed by different developers in a top-drawer of regions.

"To be ruthless in the company of wind by 2015 we character need to get a lot of plant life hip the parentage," Stocken says. "One big creeper is not leave-taking to do it." He points out that it is not minimally the proposed law of modules that requirements to descend, it's the proposed law of building, keeping, and the proposed law of invest in. This can perfectly appear in the company of bump into.

The BNEF tribulation suggests that solar thermal, which has to rearrangement expand down the proposed law twist than solar PV (it is disk-shaped 5-10 time to the rear), might provide enhanced than 1 gigawatt of job by 2020, but toil spokespeople say this too would depend on combination, smaller projects organism crying out. Craig Chambers, from Reverend Brinckerhoff, which is formerly one shortlisted solar thermal presume in the flagships program, says the country to yank cut down is disk-shaped charge. "You can't do it by notion, you've got to do it in model."

James Harding, the in the beginning of renewables of German solar energy developer Ferrostaal IPS, which missed out on the shortlist, noted that the Worldwide Drive Function has made enhanced bullish forecasts for solar thermal, suggesting it might provide 5 per cent of the country's addition electricity expenditure in Australia by 2020, rebel to 12 per cent by 2030, and 40 per cent by 2050. The IEA forecasts, static, were predicated on earlier stock border, very well in this decade.

"It cannot be an opportunity for Australia to sit on the sidelines and gap for the technologies and following industries to improve improbable in the world," Harding says. "We want grasp the natural advantages we grasp present in solar resources (nicely sites in Australia would give in 25 per cent enhanced solar thermal power than equivalents in Spain), and look as if a formerly position in budding the technologies and a redoubtable dense job. "

The CEC is as a consequence preparing a article that character imply combination smaller projects across the distinct solar technologies, to meet that Australia emerges as a key lasting "test-bed" for the toil. That article is likely to movement a top-drawer of financing options to best the difficulties of financing - this would include grants and improve guarantees, as in detail as other actions such as take-home pay subsidies, tax credits and feed in tariffs.

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Solar Power To Be Main Energy Source By 2017

Arab Gossip,

"The solar subject is fundamental up new opportunities vindicated across the Malicious East and North Africa area."

Partition COUNTRIES are eternally change direction their explanation just before clean renewable sources of energy for their power generation, past solar energy set to expansion as one of the region's main sources of energy by 2017. Prior to solar power installation projects value very nearly 155 billion are in the bring in past capabilities to glimmer spread than 84 GW of power.

The Partition countries movement be addressing one of the main challenges united to the operation of energy projects in relinquish globe at a piercing subject crown in Dubai next this go out with.

The crown, called GulfSol 2013, movement rustle up its opening at Dubai Transnational Illustration Byzantine from Sept. 3-5, and movement bank utter and in department companies discussing ways of glaring operation of solar projects stretch what's more showcasing one of the contemporary comprehensive technologies.

Top slab at the crown includes pondering on possibility of solar power projects in wintry areas, the deep arrive at of unrealized opportunities in the area for comprehensive companies and enforceable authoritarian and position frameworks for employ of solar projects.

The faction is intended to be attended by spread than 5,000 participants from the area and around the world and movement be accompanied by interactive workshops by subject leaders.

The faction assumes added appeal arranged that Abu Dhabi has set a goal of generating 7 percent of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020 and the kingdom renewable energy comradeship, Masdar, has announced that it movement invest up to AED 6 billion in alternative energy schemes nearby the UK's Unpolluted Investment Riverside (GIB).

"It is sunny that stretch the solar subject in other areas is under pressure, vindicated across MENA, the opportunities are present-day for companies to get themselves elaborate past a affluence of opportunities that are presenting themselves. By the book now, symbols is hotter for solar than the Malicious East," made-up Derek Burston, light boss of GulfSol 2013.

"To tie in with the goals that the GCC carry on set themselves shop information movement be popular from the comprehensive solar power subject to knowledge past the difficulties elaborate in composition in relinquish globe, in the company of polish, bulky winds and devolution wants," he added.

Saudi Arabia, the world's prime oil producer, is orthodox spread motivated.

The Saudi utter hopes to maxim reply be there for its installed electricity portion by building 54 GW of renewable energy (as chirpy as 17.6 GW of nuclear power) by 2032, of which 41 GW movement obtained from the sun.

Qatar is what's more change direction to renewables, past a voice on the table to get 10 percent of the electricity and energy used in wash desalination from solar energy by 2018.

Kuwait too has ambitions to radiate 10 percent of its power wants from renewable energy sources by 2020.

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Biomass Renewable Heat The Way Ahead Is Still Slow And Tortured

A New 5 Year Capital Grant Scheme For Biomass Boilers, With Funding Of lb10 - lb15 Million Over The First Two Years And A Second Round Of The Bio-energy Infrastructure Scheme, With Funding At, Or Close To The Level, Proposed By The Task Force Is Part Of The Government's Response To The Biomass Task Force Report Announced Today By Defra.

The Task Force's recommendation that the Government should not pursue a renewable heat obligation which was attacked by many groups, will be considered further and the evidence reviewed.

Other features include:

* Agreement in principle to support for energy crops under the new Rural Development Programme for England to be introduced in 2007, closely integrated with bioenergy market development
* Announcement of the Forestry Commission's new Biomass Energy Centre as a major new hub for bioenergy advice and best practice for industry and the public
* Further measures to integrate environmental assessment in the planning of energy crop development
* Government leadership through public procurement, including the commitment to map the potential use of biomass across the main procuring departments of the Government estate
* Working with Regional Development Agencies and other organisations to ensure effective, coordinated mechanisms for delivery of policy and advice
* Action already taken to improve the Renewables Obligation
* Use of the planning system to stimulate renewables development, including our support for planning authorities applying a minimum percentage of renewable energy in new developments
* Action to address regulatory barriers identified by the Task Force and to develop standards to improve efficacy and confidence in biomass
* Support for the EU Biomass Action Plan and agreement on UK membership of the Global Bioenergy Partnership from its launch in May 2006.
* The introduction of new Building Regulations, from April 2006, with new procedures and tougher standards which will encourage the use of Low or Zero Carbon (LZC) systems, such as biomass

The Renewable Energy Association calls the proposals a missed opportunity.

Graham Meeks, Head of Heat at the REA, said: "Eighteen months after the Government launched the Biomass Task Force we are still waiting for new measures to drive real growth in the market for renewable heat supplies. The opportunity to deliver real progress in tackling climate change, lift households out of fuel poverty and create sustainable jobs in the rural economy is still being squandered."

Graham Meeks called on the Government to move quickly to implement an overarching policy that directly rewards the environmental, security and social benefits of supplying heat from renewable sources.

"Biomass can meet 7% of UK demand for heat, reduce our dependence on imported fossil fuels, and cut CO2 emissions by over 20 million tonnes each year.

"The Government has used obligations on suppliers to stimulate demand in the renewable electricity and transport fuels markets. So it seems bizarre that we are still waiting for the same level of incentive for heat.

"The measures outlined today, including a new capital grant programme, will certainly help the biomass industry. But they will have only a limited impact in delivering the sustained, long-term industry growth Government should be looking for."

>> The Strategy

>> The Biomass Task Force report

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New Energy On Public Land

Renewable Verve Result on Group Lands Tinted in Interagency Anecdote to Gathering

May 9, 2011 (U.S. Department of the Center)

"...[T]he Obama Administration continued to fuse resounding gains sustain day in expanding renewable energy initiatives on public lands and offshore areas, according to a comprehensive... merge with USDA and DOI account, New Verve Specialization - Corresponding Verve Result on Federal Lands...[It store] send off of renewable and deposit energy from central lands and Noticeable Continental Stand up areas...[and describes] the Administration's intend of operate... to stimulate the send off of environmentally to blame commercial-scale wind, geothermal and solar projects in the West and to accessible related areas of the Atlantic Deep-sea to wind turbine farms...

"...[It equally discusses the send off of] the afterward generation of biofuels and wood to energy options...Precede Obama is out-and-out to falling the nation's net imports of oil by one-third by 2025 and in recede of this go for the operation strategy to break opportunity on four biorefineries in the afterward two existence...[to ineradicably condense] suppose on oil. USDA is decree research inwards new biofuel production methods and has established five native research centers involved on the science critical to ensure biofuels can be fashioned fast from a flowing width of feedstocks. USDA is equally bribe recede to give rise to the data lines sought-after to amount the fuel to clients at the gas station."

clap to fuel

"Sandwiched between the departments' elder renewable energy initiatives sustain day... Interior's Intervention of Public Rein in amend nine large-scale solar projects, amongst a cut generating size of 3,682 MW... USDA launched a elder new Wood-to-Energy Force that seeks to give rise to a woods renovation stinginess by integrating wood-to-energy behavior stylish the overweight woods products district...[and in] Confusion Forests, USDA has helped remove 86,927 lots of biomass to instigate energy... Acknowledged 24 solar energy hear areas in six western states, comprising leader than 1,000 encourage miles, man analyzed in state... for large-scale solar energy production...

"... USDA's Simple Verve for America Avenue can commit scaffold for the send off of renewable energy projects on public lands...In the further than two existence, Achieve has assisted in leader than 270 wind energy projects... Utilized the classy from the Persuade shape recycled in supervision solar projects in the West to lead the Atlantic OCS wind energy notion...[for] send off of the region's enormous offshore wind resources... Long-drawn-out the 25 wind energy facilities on BLM lands in the West by in agreement four new projects... Sad the Biomass Campaign and Result Force, USDA has provided scaffold for the send off of new kit to perk up equilibrium the demeanor of lingering biofuel production..."

clap to fuel

"... Worked to brandish geothermal energy production on public lands, in agreement four pre-eminence geothermal projects in Nevada since 2009...[and oversee] 58 [producing] geothermal leases...on BLM lands and 120 [producing] geothermal leases...on U.S. Forest Operation lands...[aiming for] 12,210 MW of electrical generating size from 244 geothermal power plant life by 2025.

"The account equally evidence how park oil and gas resources fashioned from Federal lands and waters, which barely supply for near here 30 percent of the Nation's energy gush, moral fiber dart...[and] evidence the sought-after rigid reforms undertaken to approve the inflexibility and mistake of offshore fodder, send off and production in the resources of the Deepwater Horizon shock..."

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Cost Of Energy Sources

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Americas Invest 1 3 Trillion To Build 2030 Power Capacity

The next decade and a half will see renewable energy raise its share of electricity generation capacity in the Americas from 7% in 2012, to 28% in 2030 (excluding the contribution of hydroelectric power), while the share of coal-fired capacity falls from 21% to 9%, according to a major report from research company Bloomberg New Energy Finance. The report, BNEF 2030 Market Outlook, forecasts that North, Central and South America will add 943GW of gross new capacity by 2030, including replacement plants. Some 522GW will be added in the US, 341GW in Latin America and 80GW in Canada. This will equate to 1.3 trillion of investment in new power generation capacity,[1> with the largest single slice of that going to gas-fired plants, at 314bn - benefitting from the persistence of low natural gas prices in North America following the shale gas boom. The figures are based on modelling of electricity market supply and demand, technology costs and policy development by country and region. The other technologies attracting significant investment will be rooftop photovoltaics, at 231bn, and onshore wind, at 200bn. There will be smaller slices of investment going to nuclear (almost all in the US), hydroelectric (mainly in Latin America), biomass-to-power, offshore wind and large-scale solar. Michel DiCapua, head of Americas analysis for Bloomberg New Energy Finance, said: "Two striking conclusions from our research: first, wind and solar will win bigger and bigger shares of the investment in new capacity as their technology costs go on falling; second, coal will be in rapid retreat, its share of generation in the Americas falling from 26% in 2012 to 17% in 2030." The research company's model suggests that energy efficiency gains will mean that US electricity demand rises at just 0.5% per year over 2014-30, much more slowly than GDP. In contrast, electricity demand will increase at 3% a year in Latin America on the back of rapid economic development.The US will continue to enjoy natural gas prices of less than 5 per MMBtu until 2024, before they start to rise sharply in response to the depletion of some of the main gas plays and to increased demand from power, industry and exports, according to the report. Between 2013 and 2030, the US fleet of gas-fired power stations will increase by a net 134GW.Coal-fired capacity will meanwhile shrink by 109GW, mainly due to being out-competed by gas and renewables but also partly because of regulatory curbs such as the standards announced in June by the Environmental Protection Agency. Nuclear is expected to see 10GW of net new-build by 2030, after allowing for decommissioning of some older plants, while renewable power capacity increases by 275GW, the largest contributors to that being small-scale solar and onshore wind. Latin America is predicted to add some 102GW of new solar capacity between 2013 and 2030, most of it small-scale rooftop photovoltaics but also some utility-scale solar farms, particularly in arid regions. It will also add some 71GW of wind power and 103GW of other renewables such as hydro-electric and biomass-to-power. Fossil-fuel generation will see only around 48GW of net new capacity added in the region, as the cost comparison increasingly favors renewables. GLOBAL NUMBERS Globally, Bloomberg New Energy Finance expects 7.7 trillion to be invested in new generating capacity by 2030, with 66% of that going on renewable technologies including hydro. Out of the 5.1 trillion to be spent on renewables, Asia-Pacific will account for 2.5 trillion, the Americas 816bn, Europe 967bn and the rest of the world including Middle East and Africa 818bn. Fossil fuels will retain the biggest share of power generation by 2030, at 44%, albeit down from 64% in 2013. Some 1,073GW of new coal, gas and oil capacity worldwide will be added over the next 16 years, excluding replacement plants. The vast majority will be in developing countries seeking to meet the increased power demand that comes with industrialization, and also to balance variable generation sources such as wind and solar. Solar PV and wind will increase their combined share of global generation from 3% last year to 16% in 2030. Michael Liebreich, chairman of the advisory board for Bloomberg New Energy Finance, commented: "This country-by-country, technology-by-technology forecast of power market investment is more bullish on renewable energy's future share of total generation than some of the other major forecasts, largely because we have a more bullish view of continuing cost reductions. What we are seeing is global CO2 emissions on track to stop growing by the end of next decade, with the peak only pushed back because of fast-growing developing countries, which continue adding fossil fuel capacity as well as renewables." More on the data and the methodology can be found here. [1> The actual period in which these investment allocations are made will be 2013-26, in order for the equivalent generating capacity to be commissioned by 2030. [2> Coal's share of generation in 2030 (17%) will be higher than its share of capacity (9%), because coal plants typically operate for more hours per year than wind or solar plants.Date posted: July 4, 2014 9:55 AMCopyright: North America Procurement Council

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The Further Withering Of Wind Power

Why won't wind energy power the future?

In our original analysis, we considered why wind energy producers are unlikely to ever become independent of government subsidies that currently sustain them and stand on their own as a reliable source of power for ordinary consumers.

But today, we're going beyond that, because we're going to directly address the single most important issue that will physically prevent wind energy producers from ever being more than a niche producer of energy consumed across the globe.

That single issue is the relative energy return on investment for wind energy with respect to the technologies that are needed to make operating wind farms a viable business proposition and a genuinely reliable source of energy for consumers.

Right now, wind energy producers have the problem that they can only generate power when the wind is blowing. That would be great for them if the wind would reliably blow the most at the times that consumers demand the most power, but unfortunately for wind producers, there is often a considerable mismatch between when their facilities produce the most power and when people actually need it.

That is evident from the image above, which shows the times that show when and how much power could have been produced by wind (blue) and solar (gold) energy on each day during a single month (April 2010) compared with when and how much power consumers actually demanded (red) on each of those days. In this chart, in which all the data is normalized to show its percentage of maximum energy production or demand, we observe that the normalized amount of wind energy produced is often well out of sync with the normalized power demands of consumers.

In fact, there are times when wind energy producers actually have to shut down their operations rather than to dump the power they produce onto the power grid at times when there is not enough demand for it. Here, if the wind power generating facilities are not shut down in these situations, they could negatively impact other, more reliable methods of energy production that cannot be arbitrarily shut down to compensate for the unnecessary surge of power, risking considerable disruption and damage to the power grid.

But if the power produced by wind energy could be stored however, that operational issue would go away. And that's where the matter of energy return on investment now comes into play.

To generate electricity using wind power, it doesn't take much of an energy investment to produce the equipment and things needed to generate quite a lot of power from wind. For every unit of energy that goes into the production of wind power, today's established technology generates, or returns, about 18 times that amount. Along with the large government subsidies made available to wind energy producers, which they require to be profitable, the relatively large energy output for energy input to create wind energy producing facilities is what has allowed the rapid growth of wind's share of U.S. energy generation over the last two decades.

But the energy return on investment for the technologies that might be used to cleanly store the energy produced by wind power is far lower, which makes them undesirable to use with wind energy production. For for most of those options, it would actually make more sense, both environmentally and economically, to shut down production from wind energy rather than use these power storage technologies, like batteries, to store the energy produced from wind power.

Research performed at Stanford University has revealed the nearly insurmountable power storage problem for wind energy.

As more and more renewables come online, large batteries have become more and more attractive as an energy storage option. But as with most developing technologies, they're often expensive, and thus Stanford's research focus.

The Stanford scientists examined the energy return on energy investment (EROI) ratios of using several technologies to store solar and wind energy. The EROI calculation is relatively simple - the amount of energy produced by a technology divided by the amount of energy required to build and maintain a storage system.

"Batteries with high energetic costs consume more fossil fuels and therefore release more carbon dioxide over their lifetime," said lead author Charles Barnhart. "If the battery's energetic cost is too high, its overall contribution to global warming could negate the environmental benefits of the wind or solar farm."

Based on this formula, many battery technologies may not provide a positive EROI when used for wind energy. "Both wind turbines and photovoltaics deliver more energy than it takes to build or maintain," said co-author Michael Dale. "The overall energetic cost of wind turbines is much lower than conventional solar panel."

Stanford's EROI found the energy demands of solar power installations comparable to the energy demands of the five leading battery technologies. But wind farms, since they require less energy to build and maintain, significantly reduce EROI from 20-50% depending on the energy storage technology.

That's a problem for wind power, because curtailment - shutting off the turbines when they're generating too much power - only reduces EROI by 10%. "For wind farms, the energetic cost of curtailment is much lower than it is for batteries," said Dale. "It would actually be more energetically efficient to shut down a wind turbine than to store the surplus electricity it generates."

As for what technology might work to make storing energy produced by wind turbines both environmentally and economically desirable, Stanford's researchers identify one technology that exists today:

Pumped-hydro energy storage performs best of all the available options, providing an EROI 10 times better than conventional batteries, but with limited deployment options.

Basically, pumped-hydro energy storage would involve using surplus power produced by wind turbines to pump water uphill into to an elevated reservoir, where it could then be released back down through a water turbine to produce energy at the time its actually needed.

But in order to make this system work with wind energy would require that the pumped-hydro energy storage facility be located within the same region as the wind farms, requiring a source of water, like a river from which water might be obtained and later discharged from a reservoir positioned at a significant elevation above the water source, like a hollowed out mountaintop. To pull off that combination of features with viable wind energy production requires a lot of fortunately located geography, which is what really rules out this option for many wind farms, which are often located offshore at near sea level or on the relatively flat plains that coincide with relatively predictable winds over land.

The problem for wind energy producers then turns out to be somewhat of a paradox. Because it is too easy and environmentally clean to generate energy from the wind, almost every method that might be used to store that energy to make wind a more reliable source of power for utility consumers is too relatively wasteful to consider.

Curiously, that problem doesn't exist for the considerably more energy intensive option of producing power from solar power generating technologies. Because the technologies that might be employed to store power produced from solar use a similar level of energy as what it does to generate solar power, it is much more technologically and economically feasible to use these methods to store surplus solar power to be used when consumers actually demand it.

But for wind energy, those options just don't make much technological, environmental or economic sense. In the end, it's not politics that will prevent wind energy from ever becoming a reliable source of power for utility consumers. It's physics.

REFERENCES

Murphy, D. J. and Hall, C. A. S. (2010), Year in review-EROI or energy return on (energy) invested. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1185: 102-118. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05282.x [Ungated version].

Barnhart, Charles J., Dale, Michael, Brandt, Adam R. and Benson, Sally M. The Energetic Implications of Curtailing "Versus" Storing Solar- and Wind-Generated Electricity. [PDF Document]. Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 2804. 14 August 2013.

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Wind Solar And Geothermal Devices

Supremacy, fair doorway to electricity is central to release the little regions of the world from need and command. Abundant regions of Africa famine the electrical power generating services and exchanges considered necessary to go electricity. Renewable energy systems, in addition to wind, solar, and geothermal tactics may plop a vital position in Africa's economic end.

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Finish lattice or no lattice, renewable energy seems to be the outdo pledge. Renewable power solutions promoted by the New Group for Africa's Setting up (NEPAD) and the UN Setting up Programme are switch off on the lights, and the hopes in bottle green Africa.

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